現代人無不想盡辦法，如何得到老得慢一點，少年得久一點的秘訣。不料金錢和光陰逝去， 倒是蠻快蠻無情的，卻不見青春的影子尾巴，讓我們抓住了多少。
於是科學家開始思索究竟老化的機制為何? 又如何因了解而減緩，進而停止老化的過程，達到長生不老的極至，成全每個女人，甚至連秦始皇都夢寐以求的夢想呢? 關鍵就在於科學界已蓬勃研究的「自由基」(free radicals)。
「自 由基」其實是一種可自由行走於體內的不穩定原子， 更精準的說是帶有一個單獨不成對電子的原子，分子或離子。它的殺傷力包括了毫無選擇性的攻擊細胞膜、細胞及組織，引起連鎖性的過氧化反應，使得人體內部產 生退化性症候群，如血管變得脆弱、腦細胞老化、免疫系統衰退、白內障、退化性關節炎、皮膚下垂及全身性老化， 甚至產生癌症的現象，簡直是身體內的流氓，害群之馬。
老化的過程中，隨著細胞日常生活不得不的活躍，當身體遭受到細菌侵犯與窮於應付一些外來或是內生的有害物質，如吞噬作用(phagocytosis)皆需要大量的氧氣(respiratory burst)，以供應能量的使用，所以一但氧氣不敷使用，或是清道夫掃垃圾的速度太慢，便會產生自由基。
■人體會產生自由基的情形有哪些情況呢？
１．過度氧化症後群(hyperoxygenation syndromes), 例如因為呼吸器高壓氧所導致的氧自由基傷害
２．缺氧再灌注症候群 (ischemia reperfusion syndrome)
３．老化 (aging)
４．藥物導致的溶血性貧血 (drug-induced hemolytic anemia)
５．維他命E與A缺乏症 (vitamin E and A deficiency)
６．化學物質導致的組織傷害 (chemical-induced tissue injury)，如巴拉松、化療藥物、及致癌物質等。
■ 那些食物中含有許多抗氧化物質？
最傳統的抗氧化物質就包括了維生素C、維生素E、β胡蘿蔔素及硒元素；還有聚苯酚、類黃酮素、原花青素及蕃茄紅素。其中以「原花青素」最受專家重視，因為它的小分子結構能夠通透血腦障壁，提供及加強腦內抗氧化的功能，同時它的抗氧化效率比維生素C高18倍；比維生素E高50倍。原花青素存在於自然界的某些植物、蔬菜、水果的皮、莖、葉、種子中。葡萄籽、藍莓、小紅莓、松樹皮及夏威夷果葉子，都含有原花青素的成份。其中以葡萄籽所含的95%原花青素獨佔鰲頭。
除此之外原花青素也是血管的守護神，保護血管彈性、阻止LDL膽固醇囤積在血管壁上及減少血小板凝集。對於皮膚，原花青素扮演了保護肌膚免於紫外線的荼毒、預防膠原纖維及彈性纖維的退化，使肌膚保持應有的彈性及張力，避免皮膚下垂及皺紋產生，使肌膚的年齡加密。在免疫系統上，原花青素具有毒殺乳癌、肺癌及胃癌細胞的功能，對於胃黏膜細胞有促進生長效果。
原花青素也是有效的關節發炎現 象的疏解物質，同時它也具有抗過敏的作用。在歐洲地區的傳統療法中，葡萄籽萃取物多被利用來改善靜脈曲張、下肢腫脹，預防心臟病再發。研究也顯示葡萄籽萃 取物的抗氧化能力遠超過維生素C及維生素 E，且易被人體快速吸收，有利於體內維生素C的再利用，抑制LDL膽固醇的氧化，有效袪除氧原子及過氧原子自由基，降低缺血性心臟病的氧化壓力，保護心臟 免受二度受傷。
地球因為氧氣而朝氣蓬勃，人類因為氧氣使生命得以持續。然而生命的繁衍，卻是成就於〝氧氣〞亦敗陣於〝氧氣〞，人類若要長生不"病"，一定要靠後天內在及外在的保養與運動雙管齊下，才會達到滿意的效果。
(文案部份由台北醫學大學附設醫院整形外科 - 蔡豐州醫師提供，uho編緝部整理)
資料來源：http://www.uho.com.tw/hotnews.asp?aid=5388
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